" A Study of the Pawar Community Gotra (surnames) in central India"
Author *Rajesh Barange Pawar
MS Pharm Medicinal Chemistry, India
Rajeshbarange00@gmail.com
Author-Rajesh Barange Pawar, Khanjanpur, Betul Madhya Pradesh, India Rajeshbarange00@gmail.com
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Abstract
In particular, the study piece explores the Pawar community surnames in Central India, notably in the areas of Betul, Chhindwara, and Wardha. Known for its deep historical roots and wide-ranging geographical presence, the Pawar community expresses itself via a wide variety of surnames that have changed throughout time.
This research, which takes a multidisciplinary approach, uses historical sources, language analysis, sociological viewpoints, genealogy data, community organization books, and the observations of community historians to track the history of Pawar surnames. The 72 Gotra (surnames) connected to the Pawar group are the main subject, especially those deriving from the Rajputs of the Malwa area. By analyzing the migration patterns and factors that have shaped the community's nomenclature, the study seeks to understand how these surnames have changed over time.
A confederacy of Kshatriya clans, including well-known ones like Parihar, Parmar, Solanki, Chauhan, Rathore, Kushwaha, Gahlot, Badgujar, Dangi, Gaur, Balla, Baghel, Tomar, Bhati, Jhala, Labana, Uthed, Ajana, Garg, Jethwa, Kanpuriya, Barodiya, Chawda, Dahima, and Tank Rajputs, are thought to be the ancestors of the Pawars, according to genealogists (bhatt/rao). The present study reveals the historical, cultural, and social factors that played a role in the development of Pawar surnames, providing valuable perspectives into the complex fabric of the community's identity.
Keywords
Pawar Community, Gotra, Surnames, Central India, Betul, Chhindwara, Wardha, Historical Roots, Geographical Presence, Multidisciplinary Approach, Historical Sources, Language Analysis, Sociological Viewpoints, Genealogy Data, Community Organization Books, Community Historians, Migration Patterns, Rajputs of Malwa, Confederacy of 72 Kshatriya , Historical Background, Parmar Dynasty, Malwa, Migration to Satpura and Vidarbha, , Settlement in Betul, Chhindwara, and Wardha, Farmers, Warriors, Landowners, Kshatriya Pawar, Pawar, Panwar, Bhoyar Pawar, Bhoyar, 72 Gotras,
Introduction:
Hindus who belong to the Pawar caste, also called Panwar, Bhoyar, or Bhoyar Pawar, are mostly found in the districts of Betul, Chhindwara, and Wardha in Central India. The Pawar family has its roots in the Hindu Vedic Varna system's Kshatriya varna and may be traced back to the Agnivansha branch of Kshatriyas, who are said to have existed for around 2,500 years before to the Common Era (BCE).
A confederacy of 72 Kshatriya clans, including well-known ones like Parihar, Parmar, Solanki, Chauhan, Rathore, Kushwaha, Gahlot, Badgujar, Dangi, Gaur, Balla, Baghel, Tomar, Bhati, Jhala, Labana, Uthed, Ajana, Garg, Jethwa, Kanpuriya, Barodiya, Chawda, Dahima, and Tank Rajputs, are the ancestors of the Pawars, according to genealogist (bhatt/rao). In the 15th and 17th centuries, this Rajput family moved from Malwa to Satpura and Vidarbha. These clans eventually change into gotras, which cleared the way for the creation of the Pawar caste. The Pawars were an important part of the Parmar dynasty in Malwa's historical background. They were warriors, military chieftains, and commanders who significantly raised the power and prestige of the Parmar emperors. They were a powerful force and well-known for their courage.
The Pawar Rajputs' flight to eastern Malwa following their defeat by the Muslim Sultan of Delhi, Alauddin Khilji, in 1305, was a significant turning point in their history. For around 300 years, they stayed in these locations (Shajapur, Shujalpur, Sehore, and Dewas). It is possible that this group of 72 Rajput military chieftains formed a caste confederation here, and that they later crossed the Narmada River to settle in the regions of Betul, Chhindwara, and Wardha during Aurangzeb's invasion of Malwa. However, the Pawars continued to settle in Satpura from the about 15th to the 17th century as they were familiar with the area and having visited it during the first Sanik expedition.
The Pawars established themselves as farmers, warriors, and landowners (zamindars) in their new lands. They go by the titles "Kshatriya Pawar," "Pawar," or Panwar in Betul and Chhindwara, and "Bhoyar Pawar," or "Bhoyar," in Wardha. Despite attempts to return to the old name "Pawar" in the early 20th century, the term "Bhoyar" is associated with their first settlement at the Bhorgarh fort and eventually became an integral part of their identity.
Studies and finding:
Studies from various sources-
This multidisciplinary study tracks the history of Pawar surnames via the use of historical materials, linguistic analysis, social perspectives, genealogical data, books from community organizations, and the views of community historians.
Here is a summary of the sources mentioning the number of gotras in the Pawar community:
1. Panwar Samaj: Ek Sinhavlokan (1984). Dr Dyneshwar Tembhare Panwar Sandesh, 16-18: - Mentions 93-100 gotras of Pawar (The same Gotra is written repeatedly.)
2. Panwar Kul Darshan (1985). Krishnarav Balaji Panwar (Ed.), Panwar Sandesh, 21-22: - Indicates more than 100 gotras of Pawar. (The same Gotra is written repeatedly)
3. Bhojpatra (1986). Pannalal Bisen (Ed.), Bhojpatra, 12-14: - Refers to 72 gotras of Pawar. (The same Gotra is written repeatedly or two Gotras are written together.)
4. Avasthi, Manju (1995). Balaghat jile ki jan boliyo ka bhashavaizyanik avam sanskritik adhyayan (pp. 593-594): - Cites 93 gotras of Pawar. (The same Gotra is written repeatedly)
5. Genealogy Author - Madansingh ji Morsingh Barwaji, Mu. Singapura Post- Galwa, Via Kosithal, District- Bhilwara, Rajasthan (available in Bhoj Patrika published by Bhopal Pawar Samaj Sangthan): - Lists 72 gotras of Pawar.
6. Dr. Dyneshwar Tembhare (2014). Pawari Gyandeep (2nd ed.). Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai: - Refers to 72 gotras of Pawar. (The same Gotra is written repeatedly or two Gotras are written together.)
7. Vallabh Dongre (2013) Sikho Sabak Pawaro, Satpuda Sanskriti Sansthan Bhopal: - Indicates 72 gotras of Pawar. (The same Gotra is written repeatedly or two Gotras are written together.)
8. Pushtak Mera Betul (2022). BFC Publications: - Mentions 98 gotras of Pawar. (The same Gotra is written repeatedly or two Gotras are written together.)
9. Singh, K. S. (1998). India's Communities. India: Anthropological Survey of India: - Refers to some gotras.
10. Rajesh Barange Pawar (2017, July 6). Surnames In Pawar Community Bhoyar Pawar बैतूल छिंदवाड़ा वर्धा पवार गोत्र: (https://rajeshbarange.blogspot.com/2017/07/surnames-in-pawar-community-bhoyar.html)- Considers 72 gotras of Pawar. (Rajesh Barange Pawar's work is considered authentic and recognized within the community as a reliable source, with research methods and findings aligned with accepted standards.)
As mentioned before, there are only 72 gotras (kuls) in the Pawar caste, all of whom are derived from Kshatriya clans. They uphold a strong custom of endogamy by rigorously adhering to marriage within these 72 clans. Unfortunately, incorrect claims that there are more than 80, 90, or even 100 gotras (kuls) within the Pawar caste have been made due to disinformation spread by some people from other castes. The truth is that certain gotras have two or three synonyms because of differences in pronunciation brought about by language mixing following migration to the central area. Examples like Ghadge spoken as Gagre and Agre, Parihar pronounced as Paradkar, and Pathade pronounced as Rakhade are not indicative of distinct gotras, but rather of linguistic variances. Motivated by questionable intentions, some people from other castes count these synonyms independently, which causes gotras to be counted incorrectly. This is done to create conflict and disseminate false information throughout society. By creating needless divisions in society, such acts support the spread of misleading beliefs about higher caste societies, such as Brahmin, Rajput, Bania, and others. Relying on reliable historical sources is crucial in dispelling these myths and advancing a more knowledgeable comprehension.
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Kshatriya Pawar Rajput (72 Gotra) |
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72 clans (gotras/kuls) of Pawars |
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Genealogy author- Madansingh ji Morsingh Barwaji, Mu. Singapura Post- Galwa, Via Kosithal, District- Bhilwara, Rajasthan. |
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Sr.no |
Kshatriya Branch |
Rajput Branch |
|
Sub-branch |
Gotra (kul) |
Gotras in Present (Surnames) By Rajesh barange Pawar |
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|
1 |
Agni |
Parihar |
1 |
Inda |
Padiyar |
Parihar/Paradkar |
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2 |
Agni |
Parmar |
2 |
Panwar |
Pathadiya |
Pathade/Rakhde |
||
|
Agni |
3 |
Sankhala |
Matiya |
Mate/Matekar |
||||
|
Agni |
4 |
Pamar |
Farkadiya |
Farkade |
||||
|
Agni |
5 |
Mori |
Gadkiya |
Gadge |
||||
|
Agni |
6 |
Sodha |
Girhariya |
Girhare/Girare/Girharya |
||||
|
Agni |
7 |
Sodha |
Labad |
Labde |
||||
|
Agni |
8 |
Dodiya |
Dalu |
Dala/Dahare |
||||
|
Agni |
9 |
Dodiya |
Sawai |
Sawai |
||||
|
Agni |
10 |
Dodiya |
Dholiya |
Dhole |
||||
|
Agni |
11 |
Umath |
Ukar |
Ukar/Omkar |
||||
|
Agni |
12 |
Gahlada |
Topriya |
Tople |
||||
|
Agni |
13 |
Kher |
Lavri |
Lavri |
||||
|
3 |
Agni |
Solanki |
14 |
Solanki |
Baranga |
Barange/Baranga |
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|
Agni |
15 |
Solanki |
Kiranjkar |
Kiranjkar/Kirankar |
||||
|
Agni |
16 |
Solanki |
Dukhi |
Dukhi/Durve |
||||
|
Agni |
17 |
Solanki |
Khapriya |
Khapriya/Khapre |
||||
|
Agni |
18 |
Solanki |
Dongardiya |
Dongardiye/Dongre |
||||
|
Agni |
19 |
Solanki |
Digarsiya |
Digarse/Digrase |
||||
|
4 |
Agni |
Chauhan |
20 |
Songara |
Dewasiya |
Dewase |
||
|
Agni |
21 |
Khichi |
Rawat |
Rawat/Raut |
||||
|
Agni |
22 |
Devda |
Dharfediya |
Dharfode/Dharpure |
||||
|
Agni |
23 |
Hada |
Hajariya |
Hajare |
||||
|
Agni |
24 |
Chiknya |
Chiknya |
Chikane |
||||
|
5 |
Surya |
Rathore |
25 |
Rathore |
Gagriya |
Ghaghare/Gagre/Agre |
||
|
Surya |
26 |
Rathore |
Rabdiya |
Rabde |
||||
|
Surya |
27 |
Dangi |
Kankar |
Kinkar |
||||
|
Surya |
28 |
Rathore |
Pinjara |
Pinjare/Pinjarkar |
||||
|
6 |
Surya |
Kushwaha |
29 |
Kushwaha |
Dondhi |
Dhondi |
||
|
Surya |
30 |
Kushwaha |
Munni |
Mune/Munne |
||||
|
Surya |
31 |
Kushwaha |
Kamdi |
Kamdi |
||||
|
Surya |
32 |
Kushwaha |
Kodliya |
Kodle/Korde |
||||
|
Surya |
33 |
Kushwaha |
Kalbhut |
Kalbhut/Kalbhor |
||||
|
Surya |
34 |
Kushwaha |
Ukadliya |
Ukadale |
||||
|
7 |
Surya |
Gahlot |
35 |
Gahlot |
Rolkiya |
Rodle |
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|
Surya |
36 |
Godha |
Dhota |
Dhote |
||||
|
Surya |
37 |
Gohila |
Gondiya |
Gondiya |
||||
|
Surya |
38 |
Gohila |
Gakadiya |
Ghakre/Ghakhare |
||||
|
Surya |
39 |
Sisodiya |
Patha |
Pathe/Patha/Pathekar |
||||
|
Surya |
40 |
Sisodiya |
Manmodiya |
Manmode/Manmude |
||||
|
Surya |
41 |
Sisodiya |
Deshmukh |
Deshmukh |
||||
|
Surya |
42 |
Sisodiya |
Hingwe |
Hingwe/Hingwa |
||||
|
Surya |
43 |
Chundawat |
Chaudhari |
Chaudhary |
||||
|
Surya |
44 |
Sisodiya |
Gohitiya |
Gohite/Gohate |
||||
|
8 |
Surya |
Badgujar |
45 |
Badgujar |
Goriya |
Gore |
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|
9 |
Surya |
Gaur |
46 |
Gaur |
Gaadriya |
Gadre/Katole |
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|
Surya |
47 |
Gaur |
kasare/Kasai |
Kasai/Kaslikar/kasare |
||||
|
10 |
Surya |
Balla |
48 |
Balla |
Barbuhara |
Barbuhare |
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|
11 |
Chandra |
Baghel |
49 |
Baghel |
Bhobhat |
Bhobhat/Bhobhatkar |
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|
Chandra |
50 |
Baghel |
Khausi |
Khausi/Kaushik/ Khawasi/ Khawase |
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|
12 |
Chandra |
Tomar |
51 |
Tomar |
Sarodiya |
Sarode |
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|
Chandra |
52 |
Borana |
Bobda |
Bobde/Bobade |
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13 |
Chandra |
Bhati |
53 |
Bhati |
Buhadiya |
Buwade/Bowade /Buade |
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|
Chandra |
54 |
Bhati |
Bogana |
Baingane |
||||
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Chandra |
55 |
Bhati |
Bagwan |
Bagwan |
||||
|
Chandra |
56 |
Bhati |
Barkhediya |
Barkhede |
||||
|
Chandra |
57 |
Bhati |
Bargadiya |
Birgade |
||||
|
14 |
Chandra |
Jhala |
58 |
Jhala |
Naditod |
Naditod |
||
|
Chandra |
59 |
Jhala |
Khargosiya |
Khargosiya/Kharpuse |
||||
|
15 |
Chandra |
Labana |
60 |
Labana |
Bhadiya |
Bhade/Bhadekar |
||
|
16 |
Chandra |
Uthed |
61 |
Uthed |
Kadva |
Kadwe |
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|
17 |
Chandra |
Ajana |
62 |
Ajana |
Ramdham |
Ramdham |
||
|
18 |
Chandra |
Garg |
63 |
Garg |
Dhundariya |
Dandare/Dandhare |
||
|
19 |
Rishi |
Jethwa |
64 |
Jethwa |
Kardatiya |
Kardate |
||
|
20 |
Rishi |
Kanpuriya |
65 |
Kanpuriya |
Sherkiya |
Sherke/Cherke |
||
|
21 |
Rishi |
Barodiya |
66 |
Barodiya |
Badnagariya |
Badnnagre/Nagre |
||
|
22 |
Rishi |
Chavda |
67 |
Chavda |
Chopadiya |
Chopde/Chopda |
||
|
Rishi |
68 |
Chavda |
Ladkiya |
Ladke |
||||
|
Rishi |
69 |
Chavda |
Lokhandiya |
Lokhande |
||||
|
23 |
Rishi |
Dahima |
70 |
Dahima |
Dhobariya |
Dhoble/Dhobare |
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|
24 |
Rishi |
Tank |
71 |
Tank |
Thussi |
Thussi |
||
|
Rishi |
72 |
Tank |
Thawri |
Thawri |
||||
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Some gotra for research |
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Powar 36 kul |
Bisen |
Bisen |
|||
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|
|
|
Bhongade |
Bhongade |
||||
|
|
|
|
Bhusari |
Bhusari |
||||
|
|
|
|
Udhade |
Udhade |
||||
|
|
|
|
Kuhike |
Kuhike |
||||
Results:
Rajesh Barange Pawar's work is considered authentic and recognized within the community as a reliable source, with research methods and findings aligned with accepted standards.
Barange/Baranga, Bagwan, Baingane, Barkhede, Barbuhare, Badnagre/Bannagre/Nagre, Bhade/Bhadekar, Bhobhat, Bobde/Bobade, Buwade/Bowade, Birgade, Chopde/Chopda/Chopra, Chaudhary, Chikane/Chiknya, Dandare/Dhandare, Dala/Dahare, Dewase, Deshmukh, Dharpure, Dhote, Dhondi, Dhoble/Dhobare, Dhole, Digarse/Digrase, Dongardiye/Dongre, Dukhi/Durve, Farkade, Gakhre/Gakre, Gadge/Gagre/Agre, Gadre/Katole, Ghagre/Ghagare, Girhare/Girare, Gondiya, Gohite/Gohate, Gore, Hajare, Hingwe/Hingwa, Kalbhut/Kalbhor, Kardate, Kadwe/Kadve, Kamdi, Kasai/Kaslikar, Khausi/Kaushik/Khawse, Khapariya/Khapre, Khargosiya/Kharpuse, Kiranjkar/Kirankar, Kinkar, Kodle/Korde, Labde, Lavri, Ladke, Lokhande, Mate/Matekar, Manmode/Manmude, Munne/Mune, Naditod, Pathade, Parihar/Paradkar, Pathe/Patha/Pathekar, Pinjare/Pinjre, Rawat/Raut, Rabde, Ramdham, Rodle, Sarode, Sawai, Sherke/Cherke, Thawri, Thussi, Tople, Ukar/Omkar, Ukadale.
• Gotras for research: Ughade/Udhade, Bhongade, Bhusari, Bisen (from 36 kul Powar), Kudike/Kuhike (Wardha only).
• These 72 gotras (kuls) of Kshatriya Pawar/Pawar/Bhoyar Pawar were Names, Destinations, Titles and Indicated names of the Rajput military chieftains who migrated from Dhar to Satpura and Vidarbha. Now they are pronounced in slightly different way from their original pronunciation.
• Some people use Panwar or Pawar as their surname. It is their caste name, but some people use it as a surname.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, this multidisciplinary study provides a comprehensive exploration of the Pawar community surnames in Central India, focusing on the regions of Betul, Chhindwara, and Wardha. The Pawar community, known for its historical significance and widespread geographical presence, exhibits a rich tapestry of surnames that have evolved over time.
The research, utilizing historical sources, linguistic analysis, sociological perspectives, genealogical data, community organization books, and insights from community historians, delves into the history of the 72 surnames associated with the Pawar community. Particularly, the study highlights the surnames originating from the Rajputs of the Malwa region, shedding light on their migration patterns and the factors shaping the nomenclature of the community.
The genealogical evidence presented in the study supports the belief that the Pawars are descendants of a confederacy of 72 Kshatriya clans, including notable ones such as Parihar, Parmar, Solanki, Chauhan, Rathore, Kushwaha, Gahlot, and others. The migration of the Pawar Rajputs from Malwa to Satpura and Vidarbha during the 15th and 17th centuries played a pivotal role in shaping the community's identity.
The study emphasizes the historical, cultural, and social factors that contributed to the development of Pawar surnames, offering valuable insights into the complex fabric of the community's identity. It highlights the Pawars' transition from warriors, military chieftains, and commanders in the Parmar dynasty to establishing themselves as farmers, warriors, and landowners in the regions of Betul, Chhindwara, and Wardha.
Additionally, the study addresses the controversy surrounding the number of gotras in the Pawar community, clarifying that there are only 72 gotras derived from Kshatriya clans. It dispels misinformation about the existence of more than 80, 90, or 100 gotras within the Pawar caste, attributing such claims to linguistic variations and disinformation spread by individuals from other castes.
In essence, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the Pawar community's history, emphasizing the importance of accurate historical sources and dispelling myths that can perpetuate societal divisions. The study invites further exploration and dialogue on the dynamic nature of caste identities and the intricate interplay of historical, cultural, and social factors in shaping community narratives.
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Research Profile
Shivani Pawar
Researcher – Pawari / Bhoyari Language, Folk Culture and Satpuda Regional Studies
Contributor – Pawari Shodh Patrika
Shivani Pawar works on the documentation and preservation of Pawari/Bhoyari language, Pawari folk songs, and oral traditions of the Bhoyar Pawar community. Her research focuses on the cultural heritage of the Satpuda region, including Betul traditions, Maa Tapti cultural landscape, and the historical connections of Pawar lineage with Malwa and Rajputana.
📧 Email:
barkhede.shivani@gmail.com
Rajesh Barange Pawar
Bhoyari / Pawari Language Researcher | Pawar Community History | Satpuda Regional Studies
Founder – Maa Tapti Research Institute, Multai
Editor – Pawari Shodh Patrika
Rajesh Barange Pawar researches Bhoyari/Pawari language, Pawar community history, the 72 gotras of the Pawar community, and the cultural traditions of the Satpuda region. His work also explores the historical connections between the Pawar (Parmar/Panwar) lineage of Malwa and Rajputana and their migration and settlement in Betul and surrounding Satpuda regions, including traditions associated with Maa Tapti.
🌐 Blog:
https://rajeshbarange.blogspot.com/
🌐 Pawari Shodh Patrika:
https://sites.google.com/view/pawarishodhpatrika/home
📧 Email:
rajeshbarange00@gmail.com
